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The Story Behind the
Scopes "Monkey" Trial

Many Americans have heard about the Scopes "Monkey" trial. A classic movie, Inherit the Wind, was even made in 1960 based on the famous trial. The movie starred Spencer Tracy and Fredric March.

The synopsis of the movie that is generally known goes as follows: A high school Biology teacher, John Scopes, in Dayton, Tennessee, was brought to trial for teaching the Darwin theory of evolution. Being a highly religious town, charges were brought upon the teacher since the theory of evolution went against the version in the Bible. At the end of the trial, the Biology teacher was found guilty.

Now the real story behind this famous trial. After Tennessee became the third state to pass a law forbiding the teaching of evolution, the ACLU placed newspaper ads looking for a test case with which to challenge the law. The town leaders of Dayton saw this as an opportunity to gain publicity for the town, and, hopefully bring in the tourists. They approached John Scopes, a part-time substitute teacher to tell them their plan. He agreed to go along with the plan and go to trial. The defendant's attorney, Clarence Darrow, didn't even try to get his client acquitted. In fact, he wanted Scopes to be found guilty so he could file appeals and continue the publicity. Indeed, Scope was found guilty. However, the judge in the case let Scopes off on a technicality.

The publicity worked very well. Tourists flocked to Dayton while the trial was going on hoping to get a seat inside the courtroom. Hundreds could not get in so they stood around the courthouse waiting for updates. Even after the trial ended, flocks of tourists continued to visit Dayton to see where the famous trial took place. As the saying goes, this trial put Dayton, Tennessee "on the map." Now, even 80 years later, the trial is still known to literally millions of people.

A Single Word That Made a BIG Difference

By July 1944, it was apparent that World War II was coming to an end. The Potsdam Declaration, which spelled out the terms of surrender, was presented to premier Suzuzki and his cabinet. At a press conference, shortly after receiving the Declaration and asked what his thoughts were, Suzuzki, unfortunately, used a Japanese word that has two meanings. He told the reporters that his cabinet was adopting of position of mokusatsu.

The word mokusatsu can mean "withhold of comment for the moment." It can also mean "ignore." The Japanese News Agency mistakenly translated it the second way. Radio Tokyo flashed the mistake to the world. Headlines in the United States blared that Japan was ignoring the declaration and rejecting the surrender terms.

The results were VERY tragic. President Truman, based on the false information, decided that he had no choice but to go ahead and drop the atomic bomb. More than a hundred thousand people were killed and the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki virtually destroyed - in part because of one leader that chose the wrong word to use.

CONQUEST OF AMERICA
The dramatic story of exploration, conquest and colonization of North America

Some came seeking incredible riches. Others sought an elusive sea passage to the Orient. Still others, personal glory. CONQUEST OF AMERICA, a four-part special presentation, tells the story of the exploration of North America through the words of the men who undertook the journeys. CONQUEST OF AMERICA airs Monday, March 28 and Tuesday, March 29 at 9:00 – 11:00 pm ET/PT on The History Channel. Emmy-Award winning actor Jeffrey Wright narrates the special.

CONQUEST OF AMERICA is an epic saga full of great adventures, foolish quests, unspeakable cruelty, unimaginable bravery and an unquenchable thirst for glory and riches. It is a story of lost cities of gold, legendary sea passages to China, religious wars, national pride, mutiny on the high seas and uprisings in unfamiliar lands. CONQUEST OF AMERICA is a story of European politics and intrigue. Wars fought over religion and trade in the Old World will have dire repercussions for colonists, conquerors and conquered an ocean away.

Each episode of CONQUEST OF AMERICA crystallizes the conquest of a different geographical region of North America by focusing on a primary explorer in that territory: Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in the Southwest; Pedro Menendez and Jean Ribault in the Southeast; Henry Hudson in the Northeast; and Vitus Bering and Nicolai Rezanov in the Pacific Northwest. These stories play like amazing action-adventure tales, taken from the explorers' own journals, and the letters and writings of eyewitnesses. Dramatic dialog and scenes throughout are derived from the historical records, diaries of Europeans and the oral histories of Native American participants.


HistoryBuff Auction

Bidding in the March 2005 online HistoryBuff Auction is now open for bidding. Over 600 lots of paper collectibles are offeed. Dates range from the 1600s to 1980s. Bidding ends March 18, 2005. The URL for the HistoryBuff Auction is http://www.historybuffauction.com



February Contest

QUESTIONS:

1) Only two American presidents are buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Who are they?

ANSWER: William Howard Taft and John Fitzgerald Kennedy


Eighty-one people entered the February alternate contest. Six were disqualified because they did not have the correct subject heading in their email entry. Seven people did not indicate which prize they wanted to win. Nine had incorrect answers. One sent their entry 3 weeks after the deadline. This left fifty-eight people eligible to win the alternate contest. Two were notified they were winners but failed to respond with where they wanted their prize mailed.

Fifteen people entered the grand prize drawing. Four people did not submit an essay and provided only the answer to the alternate contest question. Three people submitted BOTH the answer to the alternate contest question as well as the required essay. This left only four people still eligible to win. All four essays were excellent and I finally ended up "throwing a dart" to see who won. The February winners were:

    WINNERS:

    • Robert Clark - Tennessee
    • Douglas Bowen - Colorado
    • Joyce Harrell - Washington
    • Thomas Rung - New Jersey
    • Mike Trezevant - South Carolina
    • Noreen Marchand - Connecticut
    • Thomas Arthur - North Carolina


This Issue's Question

To enter the grand prize contest, send by email an essay of not more than 75 words relating why you want to win it.

To enter the alternate prize contest, answer the question below and indicate which prize you want if you win. (Only one of each available.)

QUESTION: In what city did the first Continental Congress meet?

Contest Rules

  • Contest entry deadline is Thursday, March 17, 2005. Later entries will be disqualified.

  • Subscribers may enter both contests, but can only win one prize.

  • To enter, email your answer to help@historybuff.com.

  • If entering for the Grand Prize, enter "Contest Entry Grand Prize" for the subject heading.

  • If entering for any of the other prizes, enter "Contest Entry" for the subject heading.

  • If entering both contests, send separate emails.

  • From subscribers submitting the correct answer, correct subject heading, submission received by the deadline, as well as advising which prize they want to win, eleven will be selected to win one of the prizes below.

  • Subscribers to this newsletter that won a prize in my trivia contests in the last 90 days are ineligible to win.

Grand Prize
(One winner will be selected)


Original newspaper from 1712 - Almost 300 years old!
Alternate Contest Prizes


DVD

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972)

Starring Dudley Moore,
Peter Sellers, Michael Crawford


DVD
Murder on Flight 502 (1975)
Starring Farrah Fawcett,
Robert Stack, Sunny Bono,
Danny Bonaduce



DVD
The Borrowers (1973)
Starring Eddie Albert and Tammy Grimes



DVD
A Star Is Born (1937)
Starring Janet Gaynor and
Frederic March


DVD
The Flying Deuces (1939)
Starring Laurel and Hardy


DVD
The Three Musketeers (1938)

Starring John Wayne


DVD

Oliver Twist (1933)
Starring Dickie Moore of "Our Gang" fame


Computer Game (PC)

Ultimate Civil War Battles


Original Historic Newspapers


Original Boston Semi Weekly Courier historic newspaper from 1851


Original Springfield Republican (Massachusetts) historic newspaper from 1864
That's it for this issue.

Rick Brown


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